It They say in life that two things are certain: death and taxes. But if you live in Jakarta, you can add two more to the list: Macet and Banjir
Government officials come and go, and it seems that none of them can keep flooding in Jakarta .. even winning Governor Joko "Jokowi" Widodo, who visits the problematic areas of the capital on a daily basis and demonstrates considerable efforts to "fix Jakarta" -Is quoted saying to the press, "(Resolution) Banjir and takes Macet processes, so don 't expect fix me as a god turning his hand. Even the gods can not [solve Jakarta’s floods and traffic jams]. "
It is unfortunate that the evaluation of the 100th day of Jokowi fell on 22 January, the mid-major floods last month. But I do not blame Jokowi.
However, floods in Jakarta remains a serious concern perpetual. Some areas in Jakarta, urban planner and director Marco RuJak.org Kusumawijaya are confirmed to flow at an alarming rate of 18 centimeters per year (that is the height of a tall person per decade!) Mainly due use deep well groundwater and urban development.
Many people, tired of Jakarta less-than-stellar water management as to romanticize the "good old days" under Dutch rule when the old channels were well maintained and was known as Batavia "Paris of the east". But few people know that Batavia has been flooded since 1665.
Batavia was established in 1619 by the east India Company. According to historian Bondan Kanumoyoso, which is the author of a book on the socio-economic development seventh to ninth century in Batavia, the settlement now known as the old city of Jakarta was never intended to be a city proper, but rather as a hub of South-East of the company to the spice trade. environmental considerations were the least of the concerns of society.
the settlement was healthy for the first thirty years, until Batavia was attacked by Mataram (Yogyakarta Sultanate today), thus prompting the Dutch to end their isolation and start the development of new settlements along the banks of Ciliwung. sugar cane plantations swarmed to the south, and migrant workers from outside Java were brought, causing deforestation and subsequent flooding.
"But floods in the rainy season is only half the problem. In the dry season, there is drought, causing muddy water to stagnate in the channels and become breeding grounds for disease vectors such as mosquitoes carry malaria, "said Bondan. "In addition to flood control, there is also the challenge of ensuring that there is the right amount of water flowing in the dry season."
Batavia channels were commissioned in the early 17th century by Jan-Pieterszoon Coen, an official Society who studied in Venice and wanted a similar path by transport system in the hub. the Batavia channels would later inspire the infamous canals of Amsterdam.
However, some of the channels of Batavia had to be converted into roads, when the water carrying sediment from the eruption of Mount Salak stagnated. other channels were then constructed over the centuries to come, as Molenvliet in Jl. Hayam Wuruk, Gajah Mada, the Mookervaart in Jl. Daan Mogot, Kanal Banjir Barat and Kanal Banjir Timur. But the floods continue to come.
Marco Kusumawijaya refers to the book by Restu Gunawan Gagalnya Sistem Kanal ( "the canal system failure"), which explains the history of the fight against floods in the 20th century Batavia and the Dutch canals problems can not be solved. Canals ultimately fail because once larger installed, it encourages the development, which only exacerbates the root causes of floods
Marco mathematical formula for flooding is :.
F = SR - (Q1 + Q2)
F being "Flood", SR being "surface runoff", Q1 is natural drainages such as rivers and lakes, and Q2 . being artificial channels
most of the time, people are trying to control floods maximizing Q2: canals, dams, reservoirs These projects are often commissioned to private companies, making them economically and politically. beneficial.
"But the Q2 increase without reducing SR is like putting a big glass under a running water tap. Of course, it contains more water, but unless the valve is closed, the glass would always eventually overflow, no matter how big it is, "said Marco.
efforts to curb SR include reforestation and groundwater recharge by infiltration wells. "they are not politically" sexy "because they require decentralization and empowerment of people," said Marco.
"Q2 measures tend to be more popular because they put money in infrastructure, giving the impression of modernization. In comparison, SR measures tend to give the impression restricting development. "Reforestation, for example, may require the tax money on expenses to buy hectares of rainforest and just keep them, without developing lucrative investment on expensive land.
to encourage SR measures, Marco said it is important for the public to ensure that government and business that it is okay to invest in them. "The sustainable way is always a challenge, but the technology allows. It is simply not well integrated into the system, "said Marco. These technologies include permeable drainage to absorb runoff, the plants act as natural water cleaning and absorbers, biopores and "green roofs" that hold water.
In addition, the development and flood control can go hand in hand in implementing land use regulations that regulate the intensification of land use and set limits on floor area ratio. Unfortunately, companies often violent sub-the-table arrangements involving money.
"This is because our government and our people still lack a scientific mentality," said Marco. "For this to stop, the damage must be clearly calculable and must be legal procedures to punish offenders. Of course, this will increase development costs and reduce profits, but also discipline the market by forcing it to become more efficient. Companies must begin to include SAR measures as part of their normal operating costs. It only costs a few million rupees. "
" In Jakarta floods have zero, it must be zero corruption, "he added." Sustainability is the only way forward if we are to survive. First, we must believe that we need to survive and we have the technology to make it possible. "
Centre rujak for Urban Studies
Gedung Ranuza 2nd floor
Jl Timor No. 10
Menteng, Jakarta Pusat 10350
http://www.rujak.org
rujak ( "Ruang Jakarta") is a non-profit organization dedicated to exchange ideas and initiate actions that turn Jakarta into a better, sustainable city. Rujak The site is regularly updated with entries on urban planning and architecture, and announcement of upcoming public discussions.
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