On his young daughter triggers the well made boat. While still in the Gulf of Ambon, a ray jumped out of the water on the starboard side, which according Ambonese adat , and ensure safe travel without problems. I do not see it, but the second did, and the word spread quickly among the crew, put smiles on their faces.
She was named Rumphius in honor and memory of the first naturalistic Ambon. Her hull was painted in yellow and white superstructure. He was the project boat, a floating office say, and our means of transport. She welcomed six passengers and carried a crew of seven all Ambon, except the cook native to the mountain Tana Toraja. Built at the court in Ambon by shipwrights of Asilulu they had also selected and felled trees needed for its construction and Pulau Pulau Hatala Ela.
The other Rumphius (Georg Eberhard Rumph) was born in Hesse, Germany, in 1627, in the midst of the war years (1618-1648) Thirty who left an indelible mark on those who survived, including Rumphius. The devastation of the country and the indiscriminate killing of his people had shown the irrelevance of the "sides" and started a horror of religious fanaticism and aristocracy who had used the war to improve their own position. Rumphius fled the chaos of a country that had been raped, pillaged and murdered in exhaustion. He escaped from fraudulent authority, hypocritical religion and social inequality. He had a fair and incorruptible spirit and does not suffer fools. It was also modest and civil, and was able to adapt to the mood of the Ambonese.
Herbarium amboinense
In 1653, at age 26, Rumphius arrived in Batavia (now Jakarta). His many talents must have been noted and warmly accepted, with a bureaucratic and commercial Calvinist veneer. Besides the obligatory ability to speak Dutch Reformed Church members and he could write and speak German, Portuguese and Latin. He also had military experience and had undergone training engineering, particularly in the construction redoubts.
He was soon assigned as engineer ( fabryck ) VOC forces in Ambon (Ambon today), where he arrived in 1654. Although quickly promoted vaandrig - the lowest ranking officer in the militia VOC - he traded his military mission in 1657 to a civilian one and was placed as junior Merchant ( onderkoopman ) in Larike on the west coast the island of Ambon.
It was here that he began his study of flora and fauna, rocks, minerals and geology of Ambon and nearby islands. What began as a hobby eventually led to the Amboinsch Kruidboek (Herbarium amboinense) and Amboinsche Rariteitkamer (Amboina Curiosity Cabinet) , his two most important books.
The Herbarium amboinense is a huge job that goes to 1,661 folio pages in six volumes. It is a catalog of the plants of the island of Ambon, published posthumously in 1741. It covers 1,0 species, 930 species with specific names, and another 140 identified to genus level. The book is a basis for all the flora studies Maluku and is still called today. Unlike Amboina Curiosity Cabinet , the book unfortunately remains untranslated.
The Amboina Curiosity Cabinet was also published posthumously. The original edition appeared in 1705 in 340 folio pages, with 60 plates and vignettes five. An English version of the book is now available (Amazon and other bookstores) at a price of US $ 45. Published by Yale University Press, New Haven and London, translated, edited and annotated by E. M. Beekman, who also wrote the introduction. Dr. Beckman capture style beautifully Rumphius and translation is lively and easy to read. Even the description of a mollusk becomes interesting, while local belief accounts are really absorbent and not just those who have a past in ethno-ichthyology.
The road to the publication of these books was long and winding and full of pitfalls. The complete manuscript of Herbarium amboinense was sent to Jakarta to convey in Amsterdam in 0. In Batavia, Governor General Johannes Camphuys had a copy made before sending. The ship carrying the manuscript was en route to the Netherlands when he was attacked and sunk by a French frigate.
Before these news reached Batavia and Ambon more than two years have passed, and an updated copy Camphuys finally arrived in Amsterdam in 1696. However, the Heeren XVII , the Council of VOC, in an effort to protect their monopoly, decided he should not be released. Knowledge of the natural resources of eastern Indonesia contained therein was not allowed to be made public, and certainly do not fall into the wrong hands; British, Portuguese or Spanish. It has become clear that, despite his blindness, Rumphius could continue work on his collection. The Herbarium was finally published in 1741, almost four decades after the death of Rumphius.
Amboina Curiosity Cabinet
It is for the same reason that permission to publish Amboinsche Rariteitkamer was held for from many years.
But long before that, Rumphius had to fight against disasters. In 1662, he was promoted to merchant and head of the Hitu side, parked Hila. But when, in 1670, he contracted glaucoma and lost his sight, the first reaction of the governor of Ambon was to stop paying his salary and ask him to leave the house now. Governor General Joan Maatsuycker certainly an admirer and supporter of scientific work Rumphius, annulled that decision and transferred to Ambon Rumphius with retention of title and salary.
helped by assistants, he continued his work, but had to start writing from scratch as there was no one he could not dictate Latin - yes, he intended Herbarium to write in Latin. And then, in 1687, all illustrations were lost in the fire of Ambon. And yet, he continued, starting again, directing his assistants until finally in 0 the Herbarium was completed.
Other books by Rumphius are Amboinsche Historie and Amboinsche Lant-Beschrijvinge (a social geography). Not only is Rumphius known for his work as a botanist, but also for major contributions to plant systematics, its ethnographic talents, and his frequent defense of Ambon peoples against colonialism.
Rumphius is a perfect example of a gifted amateur naturalist study the flora and fauna of Ambon, which has become an authority. Despite the distance and the time of communication, he was elected to the scientific German company Academia Naturae Curiosorum , where he was known to his colleagues as Plinius Indicus (Pliny the Indies).
0 Komentar