Wali Songo are revered throughout Indonesia that wise men who brought Islam to Java first, but ultimately across the islands. Wali, now used for a civic leader as in Wali Kota or mayor, Songo means nine. History likes to play tricks with us and all their legacy is clear who they were and even how many there were less clear. They rose to prominence along the north coast of Java as the Majapahit empire, mostly Hindu, was fading.
In addition to being active in the early Muslim entities such as Banten and Demak, Gunungjati is credited as the founder of Cirebon, another town port on the north coast of Java, about four hours from Jakarta by train. Some stories have him from the Bogor region, other Aceh. Some sources also call Fatihillah who fought the Portuguese in the early 16th century. His tomb is located north of Cirebon beside the grave of his first wife who was Chinese.
Kudus in Central Java is just east of Semarang. The city was founded by Sunan Kudus who also built a mosque called Al-Aqsa Masjid here after that of Jerusalem with the rumor, the doors of a Majapahit palace. Her grave is behind the mosque and every year on 10 Muharram in the Islamic calendar curtains around the resting place are changed. The date is interesting because it is a holy day in the Shiite calendar when they recall the martyrdom of Hussain and perhaps Persian traders in a distant heritage days.
This chapter is regarded as the son of a Hindu princess Balambangan and missionary Melakan. He studied in Melaka and is credited with spreading Islam in Sulawesi, Lombok, and Maluku. He also studied under Sunan Ampel and married his daughter. He remained in East Java and started schools in Gresik, just north of Surabaya.
Just north of Kudus near the coast is the town of Demak. He was Demak which finally overthrew Majapahit and has become the leading power in the region, rivaling Banten. Masjid Agung here is reckoned to be the oldest mosque in Java, built in 1466. Legend has it the mosque was built in one night by the Wali Songo and one of the pillars was made by Sunan Kalijaga using tips wood welded together. Many early Demak leaders are buried by the mosque while Kalijaga was buried a few miles in Kadilangu.
He was born in Champa somewhere in South Vietnam but has found its way to Surabaya. It is believed to have been the leader of the Wali Songo and its mosque, Masjid Ampel, is considered one of the largest in Surabaya. Two other Wali Songo were Bonang and Drajad who were his son, as we have seen, it was near Sunan Giri. He was royally well connected with family ties to both Majapahit and the Sultan of Demak.
Thought to be a son of Sunan Kalijaga, Muria is considered friendly to Javanese culture and used traditional methods like gamelan and wayang in his teachings , which uses the lower levels of Javanese society where he spent much of his time.
the first of the Wali Songo, its origins are unclear. He died in 1419 in Gresik and his tombstone was shipped from Gujarat where he had been finely carved in white marble.
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